After all, the hand plate is not the final product, in terms of the degree of use, excessive external force, temperature, environment and other factors will cause cracks or deformation of the hand plate. How to maintain the hand model? What better ways to prevent distortion? How to avoid the deformation of the hand plate during the manufacturing process, resulting in the scrap of the whole product?

　　1. 手板模型出现裂纹的原因

　　1. Reasons for Cracks in Handplate Model

　　手板模型中出现裂纹的主要原因是手板的内应力裂纹大于手板的大承载能力。手盘上出现了裂纹。这是一种不可逆转的损失，应该尽量避免。

　　The main reason for the cracks in the hand plate model is that the internal stress cracks of the hand plate are larger than the maximum load-carrying capacity of the hand plate. Cracks appeared on the handplate. This is an irreversible loss, which should be avoided as far as possible.

　　2. 为什么手模板变形了?

　　2. why did the hand template change?

　　手板的内应力会使手板的应力不均匀，手板会产生变形。

　　The internal stress of the hand plate will make the stress of the hand plate uneven, and the hand plate will be deformed.

　　详细介绍了以下三种防止手板变形的方法:

　　Three methods to prevent hand plate deformation are introduced in detail.

　　在设计中防止手板的变形，使手板的厚度均匀，形状对称。铸造工艺采用同步凝固。这种方法降低了手板的内应力，防止变形。此外，对长形手板模型，采用抗变形方法是一种预防措施。其原理是通过变形方向相反且变形相同的手板的预变形量来手板的应力。

　　In the design, the deformation of the hand plate is prevented, so that the thickness of the hand plate is uniform and the shape is symmetrical. Synchronized solidification is adopted in the casting process. This method reduces the internal stress of the hand plate and prevents deformation. In addition, the anti-deformation method is a preventive measure for the long hand plate model. The principle is to eliminate the stress of the hand plate through the pre deformation of the deformed plate with the same deformation and the same deformation.

　　手板变形后，存在一定的残余应力。在处理手板前应应力。应力退火和自然时效可以用来内应力。

　　After the hand plate is deformed, there are some residual stresses. The stress should be eliminated before handling the hand plate. Stress annealing and natural aging can be used to eliminate internal stress.

　　其次，手板热裂纹主要是由机械应力引起的，是由金属裂纹的凝固引起的。解决的办法是改进手板的结构，使其与金属表面的接触减少。另一种方法是通过控制金属的硫含量来增加金属的热脆性。

　　Secondly, the thermal crack of hand plate is mainly caused by mechanical stress and solidification of metal crack. The solution is to improve the structure of the hand plate and reduce its contact with the metal surface. Another method is to increase the thermal brittleness of metals by controlling the sulfur content of metals.

　　三是手板冷裂纹属于低温产品裂纹。这是由于手版的变形，常常在手版上被拉长。冷裂纹通常是细的。当制作又大又薄的手板时，常常会出现冷裂纹。同样，预防措施是降低内应力，控制金属中的磷含量。

　　Third, the cold crack of hand plate belongs to the crack of low temperature product. This is due to the distortion of the handprint, which is often elongated on the handprint. Cold cracks are usually thin. When making large and thin hand panels, cold cracks often appear. Similarly, preventive measures are to reduce internal stress and control the phosphorus content in metals.

　　在制作手版的过程中，需要有经验的手版人员来更好的处理导致手版变形的内应力等因素。手板主应处理好应力及其平衡，调整金属中硫磷的比例，优化手板结构，减少金属热对手板的影响。

　　In the process of manuscript production, experienced manuscript personnel are needed to better deal with the factors such as internal stress which lead to the deformation of the manuscript. The main body of hand plate should deal with stress and balance, adjust the proportion of sulfur and phosphorus in metal, optimize the structure of hand plate, and reduce the influence of metal heat on hand plate.